Atoms and reactions — Foundational

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Level 1: Foundational

Identify, describe, state, calculate — recall facts and use standard relationships (typical early Year 10).

1. The atomic number of an element is the number of:

   A)Neutrons onlyB)Protons in the nucleusC)Electrons in the whole universeD)Shells only

2. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals:

   A)The number of protonsB)Always zeroC)The number of neutrons onlyD)Twice the atomic mass always

3. Elements in the same group of the periodic table often behave similarly mainly because they have the same number of:

   A)NeutronsB)Valence electronsC)Nuclei per molecule onlyD)Liquid states

4. Isotopes of an element differ in:

   A)Number of protonsB)Element identityC)Neutron number (same element, different mass number)D)Atomic number

5. A reaction where one compound breaks into simpler substances is best classified as:

   A)SynthesisB)DecompositionC)Displacement onlyD)Neutralisation only (always)

6. $2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$ is best classified as:

   A)Synthesis (combination)B)DecompositionC)Single displacementD)Nuclear fusion in the lab always

7. A single displacement reaction typically has the pattern:

   A)One product only, alwaysB)Two compounds swap identical partnersC)Element + compound → new element + new compoundD)No atoms rearrange

8. Which change commonly increases the rate of many chemical reactions involving solids?

   A)Using one giant lump with minimal surface areaB)Increasing surface area (e.g. powder vs single large chunk) where relevantC)Removing all collisionsD)Lowering temperature always

9. A catalyst speeds many reactions by:

   A)Being consumed completely every timeB)Removing all reactantsC)Lowering temperature onlyD)Providing a pathway with lower activation energy

10. Increasing temperature often speeds reactions because particles:

    A)Collide more often and with more energy on averageB)Stop movingC)Become noble gasesD)Lose all charge

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