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Motion and forces — Short response
Conceptual Understanding
Explain core models, definitions and relationships before using them in context.
Explain the difference between balanced forces and a Newton's third-law pair. In your answer, state whether the forces act on the same object or different objects.
2 marks
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In two short sentences, explain what net force tells you about an object's motion and how it links to acceleration.
2 marks
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Contrast speed, velocity and acceleration in one or two sentences. Include what extra information velocity has compared with speed.
2 marks
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Explain why mass and weight are not the same quantity, even though they are related near Earth's surface.
2 marks
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Applied Reasoning
Use the same ideas to reason through scenarios, evidence, claims or investigations.
A hockey puck slides in a straight line across rough ice and slows until it stops. Your hand is no longer pushing it. Explain, in terms of net force, why the puck’s velocity changes.
2 marks
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A book rests on a horizontal table. The weight of the book and the normal force are equal in size when the book is still. Explain why these two forces are not a Newton’s third-law pair.
2 marks
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A 75 kg athlete has a horizontal net force of 300 N while accelerating along a straight section of track. Find the acceleration, show working, and give the SI unit. Then state how the magnitude of the acceleration would compare if the net force stayed 300 N but the athlete’s mass were smaller, such as 60 kg.
3 marks
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A runner completes one full lap of a circular track and finishes exactly at the start line. Compare the distance travelled for that lap with the displacement for the same lap, and briefly say why they differ.
2 marks
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A bus brakes suddenly and slows forward. A standing passenger’s upper body tends to keep moving forward relative to the bus. Explain this tendency using the idea of inertia or Newton’s first law.
2 marks
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You push horizontally on a shopping trolley to start it moving. State what object experiences the Newton’s third-law partner force to your push on the trolley, the direction of that partner force on that object, and why that partner is not the force you use in
for the trolley alone. 2 marks
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Two horizontal forces act on one crate along the same line: 42 N to the right and 15 N to the left. Find the magnitude and direction of the net force on the crate. Show one step of reasoning.
2 marks
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Modern cars use crumple zones designed to deform in a crash. Explain how increasing the distance and time over which the passenger compartment slows can tend to reduce peak forces on occupants, using force, motion change, or acceleration ideas appropriate to Year 10.
3 marks
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