Motion and forces — Foundational

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Level 1: Foundational

Identify, describe, state, calculate — recall facts and use standard relationships (typical early Year 10).

1. With $a = F/m$, what acceleration does a net force of 80 N produce on a 20 kg object?

   A)0.25 m/s²B)4 m/s²C)1600 m/s²D)60 m/s²

2. Newton’s first law is commonly called the law of:

   A)Action and reactionB)InertiaC)Conservation of momentumD)Conservation of energy

3. In SI, force is measured in newtons, mass in kilograms, and acceleration in:

   A)m/sB)m²/sC)m/s²D)N·m

4. Newton’s third law describes partner forces during an interaction. Which statement fits those partners?

   A)They are equal in size, opposite in direction, and each acts on a different object.B)They are equal in size but both act on the same object, so they cancel inside that object.C)Their sizes are set mainly by how fast each object is moving, not by the mutual push or pull.D)They point the same way on the two objects, so they add when you find net force on one body.

5. An object moves in a straight line at constant velocity. What is true about the net force on that object?

   A)It is zero when no unbalanced force acts along the line of motion.B)It must increase over time so something keeps supplying force to maintain steady speed.C)It always equals the object’s weight whenever the path is a straight horizontal line.D)On a smooth track it equals air resistance alone whenever speed stays perfectly steady.

6. Starting from $F_{\text{net}} = ma$, which expression solves for mass $m$?

   A)$m = F_{\text{net}} \times a$B)$m = \frac{F_{\text{net}}}{a}$C)$m = \frac{a}{F_{\text{net}}}$D)$m = F_{\text{net}} + a$

7. Newton’s second law relates net force, mass, and:

   A)Speed onlyB)Distance onlyC)AccelerationD)Temperature

8. In SI, one newton is equivalent to:

   A)kg·m/sB)kg·m/s²C)(kg·m²)/s³D)kg/s²

9. If the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration is:

   A)ZeroB)Equal to $g$ near Earth’s surfaceC)Non-zero whenever the object is movingD)Larger when the object’s speed is higher

10. A free-body diagram shows forces acting on:

    A)Every object in the scene on one combined diagramB)Only objects that are in contact with something elseC)One chosen object (the body you analyse)D)Only contact forces, never weight

11. Acceleration is best described as:

    A)Total distance travelled divided by time onlyB)The rate of change of velocity with timeC)Always equal to $g$ for every moving objectD)The same as speed whenever direction does not change

12. Mass differs from weight mainly because mass is:

    A)The gravitational force on the object near EarthB)Measured in newtons in SIC)An object’s amount of matter (inertia); it is the same in different placesD)Always zero in space

13. For motion in a straight line, speed is a scalar magnitude; velocity also includes:

    A)Only the unitB)Kinetic energy onlyC)MassD)Direction

14. A cyclist rides east and brakes while still moving east. If east is the positive direction, the eastward component of acceleration while braking is:

    A)Positive, because motion is still eastwardB)Negative, because acceleration opposes the forward velocity while speed dropsC)Zero until the bike comes to restD)Positive whenever speed is decreasing, regardless of which way the bike faces

15. On a horizontal surface, kinetic friction on a sliding block typically acts:

    A)Opposite to the direction of sliding of the block relative to that surface.B)In the same direction as the block’s motion, helping maintain constant speed without other horizontal forces.C)Vertically upward between block and surface, directly balancing the block’s weight while it slides horizontally.D)Only while the block remains at rest on the surface, disappearing the moment sliding begins.

16. An object’s inertia is most closely tied to:

    A)Its colourB)Its speed onlyC)Its massD)The normal force from the floor only

17. If an object speeds up along a straight line, velocity and acceleration vectors along that line point:

    A)Always oppositeB)Perpendicular alwaysC)UnrelatedD)In the same direction

18. Displacement over an interval differs from distance travelled because displacement:

    A)Always equals distance travelled, even when the path curves between start and finish.B)Is the straight-line change from start to finish, whereas distance is path length along the route.C)Ignores elapsed time, so it cannot link to average speed over the same interval.D)Cannot be zero after any movement, because moving always gives a non-zero position change.

19. A free-body diagram for a book on a desk should show weight as:

    A)Earth’s gravitational pull on the book, drawn from the book downward.B)The contact push the book exerts on Earth, drawn as if it were a force on the book.C)A force on the desk pointing outward from Earth’s centre, as if the desk were pulled upward.D)The desk’s normal force on the book, relabelled as weight because the sizes match on a level table.

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