Universe and global climate — Foundational

Score: 0 / 11

Level 1: Foundational

Identify, describe, state, calculate — recall facts and use standard relationships (typical early Year 10).

1. Redshift of light from distant galaxies is commonly interpreted as evidence for:

   A)The universe shrinkingB)Expansion of the universeC)Earth being the only galaxyD)The Moon’s phases

2. The cosmic microwave background is important because it:

   A)Shows the solar system is the exact centre of spaceB)Matches the idea of an early hot universe that cooled and expandedC)Measures only ocean temperatureD)Proves stars never form

3. The Big Bang model in science primarily describes:

   A)An explosion at a single point in empty space like a bombB)Only the formation of EarthC)The expansion and evolution of the observable universe from an extremely hot, dense stateD)Daily sunrise and sunset

4. Light elements (e.g. hydrogen and helium abundances) are used to support early-universe models because:

   A)Observed abundances broadly match predictions from early-universe nuclear processesB)They prove Earth is hollowC)They show galaxies do not moveD)They replace the need for any observations

5. Which set lists the four spheres used in energy-flow models related to climate?

   A)Only troposphere and stratosphereB)Geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphereC)Lithosphere onlyD)Mantle and outer core only

6. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are relevant to climate because they:

   A)Block all sunlight completelyB)Remove infrared from the planet instantlyC)Influence how energy is trapped and re-radiated in the Earth–atmosphere systemD)Only affect Mars

7. Albedo refers to:

   A)Ocean depth onlyB)The fraction of incoming radiation reflected (e.g. bright ice vs dark ocean)C)Wind speed in the hydrosphereD)The age of a fossil

8. The hydrosphere includes:

   A)Liquid water, ice, and water in oceans, rivers, groundwater, etc.B)Only water vapour in one cloudC)Only magmaD)Only petrol

9. Stars are important in models of the universe partly because they:

   A)Prove the universe is not expandingB)Emit only X-rays useful for weather forecastsC)Produce heavy elements over generations and are observable at great distancesD)Prevent galaxy formation entirely

10. Fossil fuels are connected to carbon in the carbon cycle because they:

    A)Contain no carbonB)Store carbon from ancient organisms; burning releases CO₂C)Only cycle nitrogenD)Form only in the mantle without biological input

11. The geosphere in a simple Earth-systems model refers broadly to:

    A)Only the ozone layerB)Living cells onlyC)Only fresh water in one lakeD)Solid Earth materials (rock, soil, minerals) and related processes

← Back to hub